Reaction to the expulsion of the Banu Qaynuqa Īfter the incidence between Muhammad and the Bani Qaynuqa, the tribe was besieged by Muhammad and expelled from Medina. The conditions of the pact included boycotting Quraysh, abstinence from 'extending any support to them', assistance of one another if attacked by a third party, as well as ' defending Medina, in case of a foreign attack'. Then he made a pact, known as the Constitution of Medina, between the Muslims, the Ansar, and the various Jewish tribes of Medina to regulate the matters of governance of the city, as well as the extent and nature of inter-community relations. Amongst his first actions were the construction of the first mosque in Medina and the acquisition of a residence with Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. Muhammad emigrated to Yathrib in September 622, he arrived with a group of his followers, who were given shelter by the members of the indigenous community who were known as the Ansar. The latter were defeated after a long and arduous battle. The Banu Nadir, led by Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf and Huyayy ibn Akhtab, and the Banu Qurayza fought with the Aws, while the Banu Qaynuqa were allied itself with the tribe of Khazraj. When the two Arabian tribes of Aws and Khazraj went to war against each other in the Battle of Bu'ath in 617, the three Jewish tribes backed both sides and sold weapons to both of them for profit. Banu Nadir were wealthy and lived in some of the best lands in Medina. Their fortresses were located half a day's march to the south of Medina.

They earned their living through agriculture, usury, and trade in weapons and jewels, maintaining commercial relations with Arab merchants of Mecca.

Like other Jews of Medina, the Banu Nadir bore Arabic names, but they spoke a distinctly Jewish dialect of Arabic. They were previously joined by two Jewish Arab tribes, the Banu Qurayza and the Banu Qaynuqa. In early Medina, in addition to the Banu Nadir, there were two other major Arab tribes: the Banu Aws and the Khazraj. probably the name al-Nadir is derived from the Hebraic name Ha-Nazir.Īccording to the Arab historian (Ibn Hazm), they are the direct patrilineal descendants of the biblical Aaron. Lineage Īccording to the Arab historian al-Sam'ani, the members of the Banu Nadir tribe are the descendants of al-Nadir, a Jewish man who migrated from Judea to Arabia. They later participated in the battle of Khaybar. The tribe then planned the Battle of the Trench together with the Quraysh. The Quran says simply that they defied Allah and Muhammad. Islamic tradition accuses the tribe of various crimes, but what exactly they were guilty of is difficult to ascertain. The tribe surrendered and was expelled, with their property becoming booty for the Muslims. Feeling the need to set an example, Muhammad targeted the Banu Nadir, which he and his troops then besieged for several weeks. There, Muhammad found that some of the Jews, who had not taken part in the battle, were not concealing their pleasure at his tragedy. įeeling that his defeat was enough to deter him, the people of Quraysh did not finish Muhammad off after the battle, who then fled to Medina. They were expelled by the Islamic prophet Muhammad after his defeat at Uhud against the Quraysh, who finally took decisive action against his constant marauding attacks on their trade caravans and to revenge themselves for Badr.

The Banu Nadir ( Arabic: بَنُو ٱلنَّضِير, Hebrew: בני נצ'יר) were a Jewish Arab tribe that lived in northern Arabia at the oasis of Medina until the 7th century.

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Story of surah al hashr